Amandla e-bio-mass ekuthuthukiseni izwe lethu ukungaqondi kahle kunokuqonda, ubunzima obuningi kunokusekelwa, kodwa ngenxa yobuhle bakhe bemvelo, futhi ekugcineni usuku nosuku ukukhula nokukhula.
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2016, i-biomass yakhiqiza ugesi wama-kilowatt-amahora angu-63.4 ezweni lonke, okusondele ekukhishweni kwaminyaka yonke kwe-Three Gorges Power Station, ingqophamlando.
Okubalulekile, uhhafu wezinto zawo zokusetshenziswa uvela kudoti wezolimo nowamahlathi njengamahlanga ezitshalo, kanti enye ingxenye ivela kudoti wasemadolobheni. Lokho ukusho ukuthi, ngenkathi ikhiqiza amandla kagesi ahlanzekile, inganciphisa izifo ezimbili ezinkulu zemvelo zokushiswa kwenkundla evulekile kohlanga nodoti wasemadolobheni, ngakho-ke inemisebenzi emibili yokuvikela imvelo.
Siphinde sasebenza kahle ekukhuphuleni imali yabalimi futhi sibhekise ekulweni nobuphofu.
Ngokwedatha ye-International Energy Organisation IEA, ukubumba ukufudumeza uphethiloli emakethe yamandla we-biomass global kubekwe kuqala, kepha isabelo seChina sincane kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa konyaka ngo-2016 kungamathani ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela, noma ngo-2013 ngemuva kokuqubuka komkhuhlane kazwelonke ukunaka nokuthuthukisa.
I-grg haze kumele icindezelwe amalahle, ubunzima bokucindezelwa kwamalahle kuxhomeke ekusetshenzisweni kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani angaba yizigidi ezingama-270 wamalahle weTe ngaphezu kwamabilisi abilayo amalahle amancane namakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 ngaphansi kwamathani angama-20.
Zihlakazeke kakhulu, zincane ngevolumu futhi kunzima ukuzishisa ngokuhlanzeka.
“Amalahle kugesi” muhle, kodwa hhayi ngokoqobo, ukubumba ukufudumeza uphethiloli ngokungangabazeki kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
Kuhlelwe ukuthi kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-30 esikhathini seNhlelo seminyaka emihlanu yesi-13, ngamathani ayizigidi eziyikhulu kungenzeka ngo-2030.
Futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-biomass, ukubumba ukufudumeza uphethiloli nakho kuyimboni eqinile njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, zombili izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namandla emisebenzi emibili yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinzuzo zezolimo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-21, lapho ama-biogas nezimboni ze-biogas zaseJalimane zikhula zisuka ngaphezu kuka-800 zaya ngaphezu kuka-5 000, okwenza (lapho) ugesi ongaphezu kwe-hydro, iChina yaxoshwa kuma-biogas asezindaweni zasemakhaya kwaze kwaba yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Ehlobo lika-2013, mina noSolwazi Cheng sabhalela uNdunankulu uLi Keqiang incwadi ngokuhlanganyela mayelana nokwakhiwa kwegesi yemvelo eChina.
'Ukuvutshelwa kwe-Anaerobic kunamandla amakhulu nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo phakathi kwezindlela zokuguqula amandla we-biomass,' kufunda incwadi.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi eyi-greenhouse gas emjikelezweni ophelele wempilo (LCA) wegesi yemvelo kungu-398 amagremu, kuyilapho ama-biogas enziwe ngemfuyo nomquba wezinkukhu kungama-gram angu-414.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zikadizili nophethiloli, imoto eyi-bio-gas inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zezinhlayiyana ne-CO2 ngama-90%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, enkulu yami yisayensi yenhlabathi. Ngenkathi yokushisa komlilo ku-biomass ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyishumi zezakhi zomsoco wezitshalo ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-zinc nensimbi ziyahlanganiswa futhi zehluleka ukuphinda zenziwe kabusha enhlabathini, ngenkathi ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic kungeke kuvuselele kabusha kuphela emhlabathini, kepha futhi ube sesimweni semvelo.
I-Biogas isanda kuqala eChina, kepha ubuchwepheshe bezentengiselwano nemishini sekuvuthiwe.
Ukuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke kanye noMnyango Wezolimo benze imizamo emikhulu yokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-8 billion m3 Ohlelweni Lweminyaka Emihlanu Emihlanu, kanti nokutshalwa kwemali kubanga cishe ama-60% wamandla we-biomass esewonke.
Umthamo wokukala olinganiselwayo ngonyaka ka-2030 uzofinyelela kuma-40 billion m3, 5 billion m3 ngaphezu kokungeniswa kwegesi ezimbiwa phansi kusuka epayipini laseNyakatho neRussia.
Sikhuthazeke kakhulu yinkulumo kaMongameli Xi Jinping emhlanganweni we-14 weCentral Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs ekupheleni kuka-2016.
“Ukugqugquzela ukufudumeza okuhlanzekile ebusika esifundeni esisenyakatho kubalulekile ekufudumaleni kwabantu esifundeni esisenyakatho nasekunciphiseni izinsuku zokubhema. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenguquko ekukhiqizweni kwamandla nasekusebenziseni nasekuguqulweni kwendlela yokuphila yasemakhaya. ”
“Ukusheshisa ukulahlwa nokuvuselelwa kabusha kukadoti ovela emfuyweni nasezinkukhu kufeza indawo yokusebenza neyokuhlala kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600 abahlala emaphandleni, uguquko lwamandla ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye nekhono lokwenza ngcono ukuvunda kwenhlabathi nokulawula umthombo wezolimo ongeyona iphuzu. ukungcola. Lokhu kuhle okukhulu okuzohlomulisa izwe nabantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kufanele sihambisane nenqubomgomo yokuxhaswa nguhulumeni kanye nokusebenza okugxile emakethe kwamabhizinisi, sithathe i-biogas ne-bio-gas njengenkombandlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa, futhi sisebenzise amandla omanyolo wezolimo wasekhaya nowaseduze ezindaweni zasemakhaya njengesiqondisi esikhulu sokusebenzisa, futhi silwele ukuxazulula inkinga yokuphathwa kwemfucuza nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamapulazi amakhulu okugcina izinkukhu esikhathini soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Emihlanu. ”
Qaphela ukuthi enkulumweni yakhe, uMongameli Xi uxhumanise ukukhiqizwa kwama-biogas nokuvuselelwa kukadoti wemvelo efana nemfuyo nezinkukhu, ukulawula intuthu nokukhathalela izimpilo zabantu.
Ekugcineni, i-liquid biofuel, okuyisiqalo sokuqala eChina, indlela ende kunazo zonke yohlobo oluthile.
Ekuqaleni, i-ethanol yokuguga okusanhlamvu yaqala ngendlela engafanele, yabe isifakwa kwi-cellulosic ethanol, eyayingeke ihlaselwe isikhathi eside.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusetshenziswe indlela entsha emhlabeni, kusuka endaweni yesikhulumi sebhayoloji kuya kusiteji se-thermochemical kanye nentuthuko eyenziwe.
Okusetshenzisiwe akuseyona isitashi namafutha kepha sekuyi-lignocellulose, futhi umkhiqizo awuseyona uwoyela kaphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi kepha usezingeni eliphakeme le-biodiesel kanye namafutha alula.
Okusijabulisayo ukuthi uWuhan Kaidi ubemi endaweni ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe futhi ehola phambili emhlabeni.
Isitshalo se-biodiesel esikhiqiza minyaka yonke amathani angama-200,000 sizosebenza eChina ngonyaka ozayo, esizobaluleka kakhulu.
Ukuphumelela kobuchwepheshe kuletha ukuphumelela kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuphumelela kwempahla eluhlaza kuletha intuthuko yempahla eluhlaza.
Okuphakelayo kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-biomass, ukubumba ukufudumeza uphethiloli kanye nama-biogas kuvela ikakhulu kumfucumfucu wezinto eziphilayo ovela emikhakheni nasezihlathini, kuyilapho i-thermalization ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uphethiloli osezingeni eliphakeme ovela ezindaweni eziseceleni ezingakwazi ukutshala izitshalo kepha ezingakhulisa izitshalo zamandla ezinamandla.
Manje, ungakanani lo mhlaba oseceleni okhona?
Imininingwane esiyitholile eMnyangweni Wezomhlaba Nezinsizakusebenza kanye nakuHulumeni Wezokuphatha Amahlathi ngo-2014 bekungamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-166.
Kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Empeleni kungama-700 million mu ngaphezulu kwama-1.8 billion mu epulazini laseChina. Kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ye-biomass energy "imayini yegolide".
Ingakanani i-biomass ekhiqizwayo kusuka kumahekthare angu-1.66 womhlaba oseceleni?
Isikhathi Iposi: Jun-18-2021